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怎樣用英語(yǔ)和介紹中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)春節(jié)習(xí)俗
轉(zhuǎn)眼間，又到了春節(jié)，其實(shí)從臘月二十三一直到正月十五，每天都有不同的過(guò)年習(xí)俗，今天小編就為你介紹怎樣用英語(yǔ)和介紹中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)春節(jié)習(xí)俗，希望對(duì)你有幫助。
December 23 of the Lunar Calendar (Little New Year)
Custom: Worshiping the Kitchen God
As the legend goes, there is a kitchen god in each house who is responsible for the kitchen and oversees the conduct of the family. On this day, the kitchen god returns to Heaven to report the conducts of the family to the Emperor of Heaven. Therefore, worshipping the kitchen god aims to “please him.” People put out some sweet and sticky foods, such as rice dumplings and malted sugar. In this way, the lips of the kitchen god will stuck together, and he cannot report any wrong doings of the family. Thus the family can lead an auspicious life.
習(xí)俗：祭灶
民俗傳說(shuō)中，每家都有一位灶神掌管飲食，也記錄一家人的言行。今天，灶神就要返回天庭匯報(bào)這一戶人一年的大小事，所以祭灶的主題就是“拉攏灶神”。在廚房?jī)?nèi)擺放些甜而粘牙的如湯圓、麥芽糖等食物，灶神的嘴被粘住，就少匯報(bào)些壞事，才能天降吉祥。
December 24 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Dusting
After worshipping the kitchen god, people begin to thoroughly clean their houses to sweep away bad luck and welcome good luck. Dusting shows the good wish of putting away old things and welcoming a new life, making everything look fresh in the new year.
習(xí)俗：掃塵
祭灶后，人們便開始大掃除，掃塵除災(zāi)，以迎祥納福。掃塵也是辭舊迎新，求的是萬(wàn)象更新的新年新氣象。
December 25 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Pasting Window Paper and Making Tofu
The times for pasting window paper are gone. Nowadays, the tradition is replaced by cleaning windows. Tofu is homophonic with “Toufu (first fortune of the year)”, so it is considered as a good food which brings happiness. In order to prepare it for the Spring Festival, people should begin to grind beans and make tofu today.
習(xí)俗：糊窗戶、磨豆腐
紙糊窗戶的時(shí)代已經(jīng)過(guò)去，所以如今這習(xí)俗已經(jīng)被擦玻璃取代。而豆腐音同“頭福”，被視為能夠?yàn)樾履陰?lái)福氣的好食材，要為過(guò)年做準(zhǔn)備，今天就要開始磨豆自制豆腐了。
December 26 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Preparation of Meat and Shopping for the Spring Festival
When there was insufficient food in the past, the majority of ordinary people could enjoy a comparatively lavish feast only during the Spring Festival can be started on the day. Besides meat and fish, people also purchase cigarettes, wines, fruits, gifts and festive ornaments.
習(xí)俗：割年肉、置年貨
在物質(zhì)不豐富的年代，大多尋常人家要到年節(jié)期間才能吃得豐富一些。割年肉主要指準(zhǔn)備春節(jié)的肉食，實(shí)際上也代表各種年貨可以從這一天開始置辦，除了魚、肉，還有煙酒瓜果以及禮品、裝飾等。
December 27 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Bating and Going to the Market
According to the traditional folk customs of the Han ethnic group, people should take a bath and do their washings to get rid of bad luck from the past year and welcome the new year. Besides the purpose of purchasing goods, people also go shopping to enjoy the exciting atmosphere of the Spring Festival in advance.
習(xí)俗：洗浴、趕集
漢族傳統(tǒng)民俗中，在這天要洗澡、洗衣，以除去一年的晦氣，準(zhǔn)備迎接來(lái)年的新春。趕集，除了擔(dān)負(fù)置辦年貨的任務(wù)，也能提前感受過(guò)年的熱鬧氣息。
December 28 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Leaving Dough and Pasting Spring Couplets
Besides meat and side dishes, people also prepare cooked wheaten food for the Spring Festival. People in north China mainly eat noodles. They leaven dough, steam buns or cook noodles during the Spring Festival. Today, people also paste spring couplets and pictures. With concise texts and festive patterns, people show their welcome for the Spring Festival. In addition, these activities indicate that the Spring Festival begins.
習(xí)俗：發(fā)面、貼春聯(lián)
準(zhǔn)備了肉食配菜后，也要準(zhǔn)備主食。北方以面為主食，發(fā)好面，可以在春節(jié)期間蒸饅頭或者做面條等食物。這一天也是將春聯(lián)、年畫貼出來(lái)的日子。以簡(jiǎn)潔的文字和喜慶的圖案迎接春節(jié)、抒發(fā)愿望，也意味著春節(jié)正式拉開帷幕。
December 29 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Paying Tribute to Ancestors
Preparation for the Spring Festival should be completed today, the day before New Year’s Eve. Worshipping ancestors is also a major event on this day, by which people express their gratitude and yearning for their ancestors during the important festival.
習(xí)俗：祭祖
過(guò)年的準(zhǔn)備工作將在除夕前一天的今天全部完成。除此之外，祭祖也是這天的重要活動(dòng)，以在春節(jié)這最重要的節(jié)日表達(dá)感恩與思念。
December 30 of the Lunar Calendar
December 30 of lunar calendar, also called “Chuxi” (New Year’s Eve), is the last day of the year according to lunar calendar. It means saying goodbye to the last year and welcoming the new year. Chuxi is to Chinese people what Christmas Eve is to Westerners. And it’s also the climax of the whole Spring Festival. There are many customs in every period of time on this special day and those customs have been wellobserved for thousands of years.
大年三十，中國(guó)農(nóng)歷的最后一天，又稱“除夕”——告別舊日，迎來(lái)新年。這一天對(duì)每一個(gè)中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)意義非凡，如同平安夜在圣誕假期中的重要地位一般，整個(gè)春節(jié)的高潮也在這一天到達(dá)頂峰。這一天中，每一個(gè)時(shí)間段都有約定俗成的講究，幾千年來(lái)，延續(xù)至今。
7:00-11:30
Preparing for the Reunion Dinner
團(tuán)年飯準(zhǔn)備
In the morning, every family begins killing chicken and fishes as well as cutting meat and vegetables to prepare for the Reunion Dinner.
清晨開始，各家各戶就忙著宰雞、剖魚、剁肉、切菜……為團(tuán)年大餐做著最后的籌備工作。
11:30-11:50
Praying to Ancestors
拜敬祖先
Although different regions have different custom, many will pray to their ancestors before the dinner on this day. All the family members hosed by their patriarch offer incense and kowtow to the memorial tablets or the pictures of their ancestors, then they burn paper money and pray one by one. They also present the main dishes of the Reunion Dinner including pork as offerings to their respect to the ancestors.
雖各地都有不同的習(xí)俗，但大多會(huì)在今日正式的宴席前拜敬祖先。全家人在家長(zhǎng)的主持下，對(duì)祖先的牌位、人像燒香叩拜，并逐一燒紙祈福。也會(huì)提前將宴席上的主菜如豬肉等作為貢品呈放，以示對(duì)先輩的尊敬。
12:00-18:00
Enjoying the Reunion Dinner & Giving Lucky Money
團(tuán)年飯開席、發(fā)壓歲錢
The two wonderful meals at this day are called “Reunion Dinners”, among which the New Year’s Eve Dinner is much more important.
There are abundant dishes for the New Year’s Eve Dinner. The dishes are of a wide variety and they all imply the meaning of good luck. Fore example, “fish” shares a similar pronunciation with “Yu” which stands for “abundance”; beetroot sounds like “Cai Tou” that means one can have good luck in the new year. Besides, there are chicken, duck, fish, pork and beef in the dinner, which symbolize a rich new year. While is Sichuan, every family has home-made sausage and cured meat as well as Chinese liquor.
During dinner time, Chinese people do not just eat and drink although the food and drinks are very delicious. They also say some “best wishes” such as “I wish you good health and a long life”, “may all go well with you”, etc. to the elders, and then hope to get lucky money from those happy elders. It is said that the lucky money can drive out evil spirits because it shares the same pronunciation with “Sui” in Chinese (meaning evil spirits), thus children who get lucky money will be safe in the new year. Surely, receiving lucky money is the favorite “event” of every child during the Spring Festival.
除夕日的兩頓大餐稱為“團(tuán)年飯”，其中尤以晚餐“年夜飯”為重頭戲。
年夜飯的餐桌上總是豐盛異常，菜色雖然五花八門，但宗旨都要有開福納吉的好寓意。如“魚”和“余”諧音，象征“年年有余”;“菜頭”與“菜頭”諧音，象征來(lái)年有好彩頭，雞鴨魚豬牛肉都備齊，則表明來(lái)年豐裕。在四川地區(qū)，還少不了自家釀制的香腸、臘肉，當(dāng)然，還有白酒。
熱鬧的年夜飯進(jìn)行到中段，酒菜正酣，可別只顧著吃喝，晚輩們此時(shí)只須給長(zhǎng)輩獻(xiàn)上幾句如“健康長(zhǎng)壽”、“萬(wàn)事如意”的吉祥話，就只等長(zhǎng)輩樂(lè)呵呵發(fā)送壓歲錢了。相傳壓歲錢可以壓住邪祟，因?yàn)椤皻q”與“祟”諧音，得到壓歲錢的小輩就可以平平安安度過(guò)一歲。當(dāng)然，這也是小輩們無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議最喜歡的過(guò)年“節(jié)目”。
20:00
Watching Spring Festival Gala
看春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)
Shown during the Chinese New Year’s Eve, the Spring Festival Gala is a large variety show produced by China Central Television. Although it has been criticized for many times because of its outdated contents and forms, the Gala is still an important program for Chinese families to sit together, enjoy family love and share happiness in the Spring Festival.
春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)，是中國(guó)中央電視臺(tái)在每年除夕晚上舉辦的大型文藝晚會(huì)。如今雖然飽受形式內(nèi)容老套的詬病，但依然是大年夜一大家子圍坐在沙發(fā)上，感受親情、分享喜樂(lè)的重要過(guò)年項(xiàng)目。
23:00-24:00
Offering Incense and Praying
上香祈福
Near the midnight, the sound of the Gala has been already covered by the thunder of fireworks outside. At the moment, all the family members go to toll New Year bells and offer incense at 24:00 in a nearby temple. Every year, large temples in different regions hold grand Spring Ritual for Blessings on New Year’s Eve. People put their palms together devoutly and pray for a wonderful new year at the crowded temple. Such activity will last to the end of the first day of the year.
臨近午夜，電視機(jī)里的聲音早已被窗外震耳的炮竹聲蓋過(guò)，人們便扶老攜幼全家出動(dòng)，到附近的寺廟撞新年鐘、上子時(shí)(零點(diǎn))香。每年除夕夜，各地大型的寺廟都將舉行盛大的新春祈福法會(huì)，在人頭竄動(dòng)的寺廟中，人們虔誠(chéng)地雙手合十，祈愿來(lái)年的美好。這樣的活動(dòng)也將跨過(guò)零點(diǎn)，持續(xù)大年初一整日。
January 1 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: New-Year Visits and Collecting Fortune
Visiting relatives is still considered a major event on the first day of the first Lunar month. Also, it is the birthday of “broom”, so it is taboo to use broom or take out trash, otherwise, you might sweep away good fortunes and suffer financial losses.
習(xí)俗：拜年聚財(cái)
延續(xù)自大年夜，拜年依然是大年初一的重要活動(dòng)。另外由于這天是“掃把星”的生日，正月初一要注意不能動(dòng)用掃帚，也不要丟垃圾，否則就會(huì)掃走運(yùn)氣、破財(cái)。
January 2 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Married Daughters Return to Parents’ Home
Married daughters visit their parents with their husbands on this day, so this day is also called “welcome son-in-law day”. The couple must bring some gifts and red envelopes along with them, and give them to children from the wife’s side of the family. They have to return husband’s family before dinner.
習(xí)俗：回娘家
出嫁的女兒回娘家，要與丈夫同行，所以也稱“迎婿日”。這一天，回娘家的女兒必須攜帶一些禮品和紅包，分給娘家的小孩，并且在娘家吃午飯，但要在晚飯前趕回婆家。
January 3 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Staying at Home
According to custom, people should not pay visits to others on the third day of the first lunar month as it is very likely to quarrel with others on this day. However, this has already become obsolete. It is a rare opportunity for people to get reunited during the Spring Festival, so less and less people follow this tradition.
習(xí)俗：忌出門
按照習(xí)俗，人們?cè)诔跞ǔ２粫?huì)外出拜年，傳說(shuō)這天容易與人發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。不過(guò)這個(gè)習(xí)俗早已過(guò)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在人們難得春節(jié)團(tuán)聚，對(duì)此已經(jīng)淡化許多。
January 4 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Worshiping the God of Wealth
It is the day for worshipping the God of Wealth. In the past, if an employee was not invited to worship the God of Wealth with the boss, he/she had to resign according to the unwritten rule.
習(xí)俗：祭財(cái)神
今天是及財(cái)神的日子，過(guò)去，老板想將某人“炒魷魚”，這天就不請(qǐng)他來(lái)拜神，對(duì)方也就心知肚明，自己收拾走人。
January 5 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Breaking Five
It is the day to “drive away five ghosts of poverty” (Poverty in intelligence, knowledge, literacy, fate, and friendship). People light firecrackers in the morning form inside to outside of their houses to scare away all the “ghosts”.
習(xí)俗：破五
俗稱破五，要“趕走五窮”，包括“智窮、學(xué)窮、文窮、命窮、交窮(結(jié)交“損友”)”。舊時(shí)人們?cè)谇宄糠疟夼�，邊放邊往門外走，傳說(shuō)如此便可將一切不吉利的東西都轟出門外。
January 6 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Opening for Business
After lighting firecrackers, shops reopen for business on this day. It is said that boys of the age of 12 are the most welcomed as the number of “12” us double “6”, which means “everything will go well smoothly”.
習(xí)俗：宜開業(yè)
商戶可選擇在這天開張營(yíng)業(yè)，而且要大放鞭炮。另外傳說(shuō)這一天最受歡迎的是當(dāng)年滿12歲的男孩，因?yàn)?2是6的二倍，這叫“六六大順”。
January 15 of the Lunar Calendar
Custom: Dumplings and Lighting Sky LanternsAs the first full moon night in the new year, the fifteenth day is also called
Lantern Festival, named after the long-time tradition of appreciating lanterns. One should not miss Yuanxiao, glutinous rice dumplings, often stuffed with white sugar, rose petals, sesames and so on. The stuffing and round shape symbolize sweet life and reunion. Lantern Festival draws the curtain of the entire Chinese New Year celebration.
習(xí)俗：吃元宵、放天燈
作為新年第一個(gè)月圓之夜，正月十五又稱“上元節(jié)”，因歷代這一節(jié)日有觀燈習(xí)俗。故又稱燈節(jié)。元宵節(jié)必吃的美食即元宵——湯圓，以白糖、玫瑰、芝麻等為餡，用糯米粉包成圓形，有甜甜蜜蜜、團(tuán)圓美滿之意。過(guò)完元宵節(jié)，春節(jié)正式落下帷幕。
春聯(lián)英語(yǔ)介紹
The Spring Couplet, also called “couplet” and “a pair of antithetical phrases”, is a special form of literature in China. The Spring Couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door and a horizontal scroll bearing an inscriiption, usually an auspicious phrase, above the gate. The sentence pasting on the right side of the door is called the first line of the couplet and the one on the left the second line. On the eve of the Spring Festival, every household will paste on doors a spring couplet written on red paper to give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival. In the past, the Chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to do for them, while nowadays, it is common for people to buy the printed spring couplet in the market.
“春聯(lián)”也被稱為和“對(duì)聯(lián)”對(duì)立的一對(duì)短語(yǔ)，在中國(guó)是一種特殊的文學(xué)形式。春聯(lián)是由貼在門口兩側(cè)兩組對(duì)立的句子組成，在門上面的橫批通常是一個(gè)吉祥的短語(yǔ)。貼在門右側(cè)的句子被稱作對(duì)聯(lián)的上聯(lián)，左側(cè)的為下聯(lián)。除夕那天，每家都會(huì)在門上貼上紅紙寫的春聯(lián)，傳遞出節(jié)日喜慶和熱鬧的氣氛。在過(guò)去，中國(guó)人通常用毛筆自己寫春聯(lián)或者請(qǐng)別人寫春聯(lián)，而現(xiàn)在，人們普遍在市場(chǎng)上買印刷好的春聯(lián)。
Set off firecrackers 放鞭炮的英語(yǔ)介紹：
The firecracker is a unique product in China. In ancient China, the sound of burning bamboo tubes was used to scare away wild animals and evil spirits. With the invention of the gunpowder, “firecracker” is also called “鞭炮biānpào” (“炮” in Chinese means gun) and used to foster a joyful atmosphere. The first thing every Chinese household does is to set off firecrackers and fireworks, which are meant to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new. In the past few years, such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities including Beijing due to fire and personal casualty caused by burning firecrackers. However, some Chinese thought that a Spring Festival without firecrackers was not lively enough and they burned firecrackers by stealth. So in recent years, the ban was canceled again. This shows that burning firecrackers is a very important activity during the Spring Festival.
Sweeping the dust掃塵的英語(yǔ)介紹中英對(duì)照：
“Dust” is homophonic with “chen”(塵)in Chinese, which means old and past. In this way, “sweeping the dust” before the Spring Festival means a thorough cleaning of houses to sweep away bad luck in the past year. This custom shows a good wish of putting away old things to welcome a new life. In a word, just before the Spring Festival comes, every household will give a thorough cleaning to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new.
“Dust”與“塵”是諧音(塵在漢語(yǔ)中的意思是舊的和過(guò)去的)。這樣，“在春節(jié)前掃塵”是指徹底清潔房屋掃除過(guò)去一年的厄運(yùn)。此習(xí)俗表達(dá)了收拾舊事物，歡迎新生活的美好愿望。總之，就在春節(jié)到來(lái)之前，為了告別舊年迎接新年，家家戶戶都會(huì)徹底打掃一下房屋。
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