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劍橋商務(wù)英語(yǔ)考試閱讀真題詳解
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劍橋商務(wù)英語(yǔ)考試閱讀真題詳解 1
In the last few years, managers throughout industry haveseen more changes than many of them could have expected tosee in their entire working lives having to communicateinformation which often leads to feelings of insecurity hasbecome a key activity. From being regarded as relativelyunimportant in many companies , management employeecommunication has become a central corporate need.
Concordia International provides a good example of acompany that has adjusted well to the changing needs for communication . since 1995 ,Concordia has been turned inside-out and upside-down, to ensure that it is a marketing –led,customer-responsive business, one that looks outwards at customers and competitors, ratherthan inwards at its own processes and the way things were done in the past. In the last eightyears, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than 80.000 people - or 35% -on a voluntarybasis, with further downsizing anticipated.
From being an engineering company, Concordia is now remaking itself as a service company.The role of employee communication in such a context is to build people’s self-confidence, topersuade them that, although it is inevitable that the changes will go ahead, they also bring withthem new opportunities for employees. However, this is not an easy task. People tend to beskeptical of these claims and to feel that they are losing touch with the company they haveworked for over many years. This is understandable, since many of the old certainties are beingswept away , including the core activities of the company they work for. Above all , they have hadto face up to the fact that they no longer have a job for life.
Research indicates that people respond to this predicament in a variety of ways. The bulk ofemployees fall into two main categories in terms of their response to the new situation: on the onehand there are the “ pragmatists” and on the other “ the highly anxious” the former see their jobas a means to an end and have a relatively short-term perspective, with strong loyalty to their localterm , rather than the company as a whole . The second category, usually the majority, mayrespond to threatened changes with a feeling of having been let down, and even feel anger at thecompany for what they see as changing the terms of their employment.
The employee communication process needs to be capable of accurately directing itsmessages at a variety of employee groups and departments within the workforce . this is whymiddle managers and line managers are so key to communication. They are the people who knowabout the full rage of concerns among the workforce. The problem in the past was that this crucialarea was often the responsibility of a separate, relatively isolated unit. Concordia puts responsibilityfor communication firmly on line managers. All their research points to the same conclusion: peopleprefer to get their information face-to-face from their line managers. That is the key relationshipand where arguments and hearts and minds –are lost.
The general rule in company communication is to tell employees as much as you can as soonas you can. If you can’t provide details, then at least put the news in context and commit yourselfto providing greater detail when it becomes available another rule of company communication isthat there must be a fit between what the company is telling its employees and what it is telling itsshareholders.15 In the last eight years, Concordia has
A made over 80.000 employees reduncdant
B completed a period of downsizing
C reduced its workforce of 80.000 by 35%
D given 35% of departing employees voluntary redundancy
16 From Concordia’s point of view, the role of communication is to
A win employee support before going ahead with the changes
B change the company’s core activities.
C emphasise the positive aspects of the changes
D explain the need for the changes
17 what does research show about most employees’ response to change?
A they expect it to have a bad effect on the company
B they feel completely powerless
C they become less loyal
D they fell they have been treated unfairly
18 Concordia’s communication process mainly relies on
A printed communication
B departmental heads
C personal communication
D a separate, specialized unit
19 According to the writer, what is the guiding principle about giving information within anorganization?
A Never make promises about future developments
B Give people an overall view at the earliest possible stage
C always include plenty of hard information
D Hold back until all the details can be provided
20 which of the following would be the most suitable title for the article?
A employee attitudes to company communication
B making company communication more effective
C Researching company commmucation
D Making employees feel less powerless
文章取材自一本管理手冊(cè)，說(shuō)的是一個(gè)組織里的有效溝通問(wèn)題。這套題目有些特別，不像之前的閱讀的第三部分，六道題目分別依次對(duì)應(yīng)文章的六個(gè)段落，這題的答案稍微分散了些。
15題，答案很明顯，但是選項(xiàng)很有迷惑性。答案是第二段的最后一句：In the last eight years, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than 80.000 people - or 35% -on a voluntary basis, with further downsizing anticipated.減少了80000員工(或者說(shuō)減少了35%的員工)，預(yù)期還會(huì)減少更多。A選項(xiàng)是對(duì)的，made redundant是前面某套題目閱讀的第五部分考過(guò)的詞組;B不對(duì)，沒(méi)有完成(completed)，因?yàn)轭A(yù)期還會(huì)裁減更多(with further downsizing anticipated);C也不對(duì)，迷惑性最大，reduced its workforce of 80.000，用了介詞of，所以這句的意思是一共就80000員工，而實(shí)際情況是減少了80000員工;D不對(duì)，35%的員工被裁減，都是在自愿的基礎(chǔ)上的，而不是離開的人中有35%是自愿的。
16題，問(wèn)根據(jù)此人的觀點(diǎn)，溝通的角色是什么。也就是問(wèn)溝通的目的或者作用是什么。答案在第三段。溝通是為了幫助人樹立自信，說(shuō)服他們雖然要面臨一些變化，但是同樣也會(huì)擁有一些新的機(jī)會(huì)。說(shuō)白了，就是鼓勵(lì)這些被裁的人。答案選C，強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的積極方面。這里的'positive aspects是對(duì)前面說(shuō)的bring with them new opportunities的一個(gè)概括。(想起了電影《在云端》，up in the air，里面那個(gè)老男人的工作就是職業(yè)裁員專家，專門對(duì)被裁的人說(shuō)些這樣的話。)
17題，問(wèn)調(diào)查顯示大多數(shù)人對(duì)change的反應(yīng)是什么。這題在答案中也很明顯，但是選項(xiàng)很糾結(jié)。都有點(diǎn)似是而非。The second category, usually the majority, may respond to threatened changes with a feeling of having been let down.,and even feel anger at the company for what they see as changing the terms of their employment.大多數(shù)員工的反應(yīng)就是很失望，甚至?xí)軕嵟�。個(gè)人覺(jué)得這題出的不夠嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，沒(méi)有哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能嚴(yán)格從原文中提煉出來(lái)。對(duì)比下D要好點(diǎn)，因?yàn)閷?duì)公司失望和憤怒，就是覺(jué)得受到了不公正的待遇。此題有待高手補(bǔ)充更完美的理由。
18題，問(wèn)溝通過(guò)程主要依賴于什么。答案是第五段的這句：people prefer to get their information face-to-face from their line managers。喜歡面對(duì)面的從直屬經(jīng)理那里獲取信息。所以選C，個(gè)人的交流。
19題，問(wèn)組織內(nèi)部提供信息的指導(dǎo)準(zhǔn)則是什么。最后一段的第一句就是：The general rule in company communication is to tell employees as much as you can as soon as you can。盡可能的快，盡可能的多。不能提供細(xì)節(jié)的，至少給個(gè)大致的背景消息(put the news in context)。時(shí)機(jī)成熟了，再告知更多。選B：在可能的最早的階段讓人有個(gè)總體的印象。
20題，給文章選標(biāo)題。這種題在BEC的閱讀里還真不多見(jiàn)。選標(biāo)題，就是要挑選文章的最主要意思，從整體上把握文章的main ideas。這篇文章通篇說(shuō)的就是communication，前面介紹了溝通的背景：裁員;接著說(shuō)了員工對(duì)裁員的反應(yīng);然后最后兩段，一段說(shuō)員工喜歡什么樣的溝通方式，一段說(shuō)溝通的原則是什么。綜合起來(lái)，就是關(guān)于怎樣進(jìn)行有效溝通的問(wèn)題。選B。A不對(duì)，片面了，只是文中某部分的內(nèi)容，并且這部分內(nèi)容是為后面做背景介紹，不是主要的;C不對(duì)，不是簡(jiǎn)單的research，research僅僅是介紹狀況，文章還有關(guān)于實(shí)現(xiàn)措施的。
劍橋商務(wù)英語(yǔ)考試閱讀真題詳解 2
一、Part 1 - Multiple - choice（選擇題）
閱讀文章：
The growth of e - commerce has been a significant trend in recent years. Many businesses have recognized the potential of online sales platforms to reach a wider customer base. One of the main advantages of e - commerce is the ability to operate 24/7, allowing customers to make purchases at any time. This has led to increased competition among retailers, as consumers have more options and can easily compare prices. Another factor contributing to the growth of e - commerce is the convenience it offers. Customers can shop from the comfort of their own homes and have products delivered directly to them.
Questions（問(wèn)題）：
1. What is one of the main benefits of e - commerce mentioned in the text?
A. It reduces the cost of production.
B. It enables businesses to close earlier.
C. It allows for continuous operation.
D. It limits the number of competitors.
Answer（答案）： C
Explanation（解析）： 文章提到電子商務(wù)的主要優(yōu)勢(shì)之一是能夠“operate 24/7（全天候運(yùn)營(yíng)）”，這與選項(xiàng)C中的“allows for continuous operation（允許持續(xù)運(yùn)營(yíng)）”意思相符。A選項(xiàng)文中未提及降低生產(chǎn)成本；B選項(xiàng)與原文說(shuō)的24/7運(yùn)營(yíng)相悖；D選項(xiàng)文中提到競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加劇，而不是限制競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手?jǐn)?shù)量。
2. According to the text, what has increased due to e - commerce?
A. The cost of delivery.
B. The level of competition.
C. The number of physical stores.
D. The difficulty of price comparison.
Answer（答案）： B
Explanation（解析）： 文中明確指出“This has led to increased competition among retailers（這導(dǎo)致零售商之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加�。�，所以答案是B。A選項(xiàng)文中未提及配送成本增加；C選項(xiàng)根據(jù)文意，電商發(fā)展會(huì)使實(shí)體店鋪可能受到?jīng)_擊，數(shù)量不一定增加；D選項(xiàng)與原文中消費(fèi)者能輕易比較價(jià)格相反。
二、Part 2 - Matching（匹配題）
閱讀五個(gè)人的工作相關(guān)描述：
Person A
I am responsible for handling customer complaints. I need to listen to the customers problems carefully and find solutions to make them satisfied. I also have to report the common issues to the management so that we can improve our products or services.
Person B
My job is to manage the companys inventory. I have to keep track of the stock levels, order new supplies when necessary, and make sure that the products are stored properly. I work closely with the sales department to ensure that we have enough stock to meet the demand.
Person C
I am in charge of marketing campaigns. I design and implement various promotional activities to increase brand awareness and product sales. I also analyze the market trends and customer behavior to come up with more effective marketing strategies.
Person D
My main task is to train new employees. I prepare training materials and conduct training sessions to help them understand the companys policies, procedures, and job requirements. I also evaluate their performance during and after the training.
Person E
I am a financial analyst. I analyze the companys financial data, prepare financial reports, and provide financial advice to the management. I also forecast the companys financial performance and help to make decisions about investment and budgeting.
匹配以下工作內(nèi)容：
1. Monitoring stock and ordering supplies
2. Handling customer grievances and reporting
3. Training new hires
4. Conducting marketing promotions
5. Analyzing financial information
答案：
1 - Person B
2 - Person A
3 - Person D
4 - Person C
5 - Person E
解析：
Person B的描述中提到“manage the companys inventory（管理公司庫(kù)存）”、“keep track of the stock levels, order new supplies（跟蹤庫(kù)存水平、訂購(gòu)新的.物資）”，所以與“Monitoring stock and ordering supplies”匹配。
Person A主要負(fù)責(zé)“handling customer complaints（處理客戶投訴）”和“report the common issues（報(bào)告常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題）”，與“Handling customer grievances and reporting”相符。
Person D的重點(diǎn)是“train new employees（培訓(xùn)新員工）”，包括準(zhǔn)備材料、開展培訓(xùn)和評(píng)估表現(xiàn)，符合“Training new hires”。
Person C是“in charge of marketing campaigns（負(fù)責(zé)營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)）”，包括設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施促銷活動(dòng)等內(nèi)容，與“Conducting marketing promotions”一致。
Person E是“financial analyst（財(cái)務(wù)分析師）”，工作涉及“analyze the companys financial data（分析公司財(cái)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)）”等，和“Analyzing financial information”匹配。
三、Part 3 - Reading Comprehension（閱讀理解）
閱讀文章：
The impact of globalization on the business world is far - reaching. Companies are now operating in a global marketplace, which means they have access to a larger pool of resources and customers. However, globalization also brings challenges. For example, businesses need to comply with different laws and regulations in different countries. They also face cultural differences that can affect their marketing strategies and customer relationships.
One of the ways companies are dealing with globalization is through strategic partnerships. By partnering with local companies in foreign markets, they can gain a better understanding of the local culture and business environment. This can help them to adapt their products and services more effectively. Another approach is to invest in cross - cultural training for their employees. This enables the staff to communicate and work more efficiently with colleagues and customers from different cultures.
Questions：
1. What is an advantage of globalization for businesses according to the text?
A. Simplified legal requirements.
B. Reduced cultural differences.
C. A wider range of resources and customers.
D. Fewer marketing strategies to consider.
Answer： C
Explanation： 文章開頭提到“Companies are now operating in a global marketplace, which means they have access to a larger pool of resources and customers.（公司現(xiàn)在在全球市場(chǎng)運(yùn)營(yíng)，這意味著它們能夠利用更廣泛的資源和客戶群體）”，這明確說(shuō)明了全球化對(duì)企業(yè)的一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)是有更廣泛的資源和客戶，所以答案是C。A選項(xiàng)與文中提到要遵守不同國(guó)家法律規(guī)定相悖；B選項(xiàng)文中未提及全球化減少文化差異；D選項(xiàng)與原文提到要根據(jù)文化差異調(diào)整營(yíng)銷戰(zhàn)略意思相反。
2. How are companies trying to address the challenges of globalization?
A. By avoiding foreign markets.
B. Through strategic partnerships and cross - cultural training.
C. By standardizing products and services globally.
D. Through reducing investment in overseas operations.
Answer： B
Explanation： 文中提到“One of the ways companies are dealing with globalization is through strategic partnerships.（公司應(yīng)對(duì)全球化的方式之一是通過(guò)戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系）”和“Another approach is to invest in cross - cultural training for their employees.（另一種方法是為員工進(jìn)行跨文化培訓(xùn)投資）”，所以答案是B。A選項(xiàng)文中未提及避免國(guó)外市場(chǎng)；C選項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有說(shuō)要在全球標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)全球化挑戰(zhàn)；D選項(xiàng)減少海外業(yè)務(wù)投資也未在文中體現(xiàn)是應(yīng)對(duì)全球化挑戰(zhàn)的方式。
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