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    英語(yǔ)詞匯

    英語(yǔ)詞匯用法

    時(shí)間:2024-09-20 13:54:41 英語(yǔ)詞匯 我要投稿

    英語(yǔ)詞匯用法

    英語(yǔ)詞匯用法1

      一、動(dòng)詞pride的搭配用法

    英語(yǔ)詞匯用法

      在《100篇》p.18上,有以下一句:

      He prides himself in the fact that he does not have to workhard to be better than others and gives up learning completely.

      筆者認(rèn)為,原句中“prides himself in”的搭配用法有誤。on。例如:

      1.She prided herself on her ability to speak eight languages/on knowing eight languages.她對(duì)自己會(huì)說(shuō)八種語(yǔ)言感到得意。

      2.She had always prided herself on her appearance.她總是對(duì)自己的外貌感到得意。

      3.He prides himself on remaining calm in an emergency.他在緊急關(guān)頭十分鎮(zhèn)靜,為此感到驕傲。

      當(dāng)pride作名詞用時(shí),可用于“take (a) pride in sth./doingsth.”的詞組中,這時(shí),介詞要用in,而不用on。例如:

      1.I take(a)pride in my work.我為自己的工作感到驕傲。

      2.We take great pride in offering the best service in town.我們以能夠提供全城最好的服務(wù)而自豪。

      從上述實(shí)例中,我們可以看出,pride既可作動(dòng)詞用,又可作名詞用,但是各自所用的介詞是不同的。因此,原句宜改為:He prides himself on the fact that he does not have to work hard tobe better than others and gives up learning completely.也可改為:He takes(a)pride in the fact that he does not have to work hard tobe better than others and gives up learning completely.

      二、動(dòng)詞contribute的搭配用法

      在《100篇》p.68上,有以下一句:

      I believe that the three R principles can contribute a lot toreach the eco-friendly destination.

      筆者認(rèn)為原句中的動(dòng)詞“contribute”用法有誤!癱ontributeto”作“有助于,促成;是……的部分原因”解,其中的to是介詞,后面跟sth.或doing sth.,不跟to do sth.。例如:

      1.Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.充足的新鮮空氣有益于身體健康。

      2.The driver’s carelessness contributed to the accident.司機(jī)的粗心大意是造成這場(chǎng)事故的原因之一。

      3.Can robots contribute to preventing environmental deterioration?機(jī)器人能有助于阻止環(huán)境的惡化嗎?

      4.As is known to us,good learning habits contribute to improving?learning efficiency.眾所周知,好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣有助于提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。

      從上述實(shí)例中,我們可以看出,“contribute to”詞組中的“to”是介詞,不是不定式符號(hào)。因此,原句宜改為:I believe thatthe three R principles can contribute a lot to reaching the eco friendly destination.也可改為:I believe that the three R principles can help a lot to reach the eco -friendly destination. (把contribute改為help,其后可跟(to)do sth.)

      三、動(dòng)詞see的搭配用法

      在《100篇》p.84和p.86上,分別有以下一句:

      As far as I see it,the resentment towards the rich results fromthe widening gap between the rich and the poor and also the impression that“rich guys usually get their way”.

      As far as I see it,there are two main advantages—environmentally-friendly and healthy.

      筆者認(rèn)為,以上兩句中的動(dòng)詞“see”用法有誤,“as far as Isee it”不符合英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。在要表達(dá)“在我看來(lái),依我看來(lái),依我之見(jiàn),就我所知”時(shí),英語(yǔ)中,我們既可說(shuō)“as far as Ican see”,又可說(shuō)“as I see it”。前者沒(méi)用it,后者不可缺少it,二者不可混用。例如:

      1.That’s the problem as far as I can see.在我看來(lái),那就是問(wèn)題所在。

      2.As far as I can see,at least four different weapons wereused.依我之見(jiàn),至少使用過(guò)四種不同的武器。

      3.As I see it,there are two alternatives.We can either staywith your parents or rent a place.在我看來(lái),有兩種選擇。我們可以跟你父母住也可以租房住。

      4.As I see it (=according to my view of the situation),theblame lies with the driver.依我看,這責(zé)任在司機(jī)。

      從以上實(shí)例中,不難看出,英語(yǔ)中無(wú)“as far as I see it”的搭配用法。因此,原句宜改為:1. As far as I can see,the resentmenttowards the rich results from the widening gap between the richand the poor and also the impression that“rich guys usually gettheir way”.2. As far as I can see,there are two main advantages—environmentally-friendly and healthy.也可改為:1. As I see it,theresentment towards the rich results from the widening gap betweenthe rich and the poor and also the impression that“rich guys usually get their way”. 2.As I see it,there are two main advantages—environmentally-friendly and healthy.

      四、動(dòng)詞justify的搭配用法

      在《100篇》p.169上,有以下一句:

      In conclusion,universities are justified to bond with enterprises and accept their financial support.

      筆者認(rèn)為,原句中的動(dòng)詞“justify”用法有誤。根據(jù)英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,“be justified”后一般不跟“to do sth.”,而要用“in doing sth.”或“in sth.”, “be justified in doing sth./sth.”是固定搭配用法。例如:

      1.She felt fully justified in asking for a refund.她覺(jué)得有充足的理由要求退款。

      2.I think I’m completely justified in asking for her resignation.我認(rèn)為,我要求她辭職是完全合理的。

      3.Is he justified in his criticisms?他的批評(píng)有道理嗎?

      4.Charwell had been perfectly justified in his action.查威爾的行為已證明是完全正當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>

      從上述實(shí)例中,我們可以看出,“be justified”后不可跟“to dosth.”。因此,原句宜改為:In conclusion,universities are justifiedin bonding with enterprises and accepting their financial support.

      五、動(dòng)詞result的搭配用法

      在《100篇》p.212上,有以下一句:

      In my opinion,the upsurge is resulted from two-fold factors.

      筆者認(rèn)為,原句中的動(dòng)詞“result”用法有誤。根據(jù)英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,“result from”和“result in”都用主動(dòng)式,不可用被動(dòng)式。例如:

      1.The damage resulted from the fire.這損失由火災(zāi)所致。

      2.His lameness resulted from an accident.一次事故造成了他的.跛足。

      3.Sickness often results from eating too much.過(guò)量進(jìn)食常會(huì)導(dǎo)致疾病。

      4.The game resulted in a win for our side.比賽結(jié)果為我方獲勝。

      從上述實(shí)例中,我們可以看出,動(dòng)詞詞組“result from”不可用于被動(dòng)式。因此,原句宜改為:In my opinion,the upsurge results from two-fold factors.也可改為:In my opinion,two-fold factors result in the upsurge.

      六、動(dòng)詞reward的搭配用法

      在《六級(jí)》20xx年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題(第三套)作文高分范文中,有以下一句:

      During his lifetime which symbolizes the triumph of the human spirit,Nelson Mandela was rewarded the 1993 Nobel PeacePrize.

      筆者認(rèn)為,原句中的動(dòng)詞“reward”用法有誤。在英語(yǔ)中,動(dòng)詞“reward”和“award”在用法上是有區(qū)分的。

      動(dòng)詞“reward”作“報(bào)答;獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”解,常用于“reward sb.for(doing)sth.”和“reward sb.with sth.”的句型中,前者“with”后跟的名稱(chēng)是具體名稱(chēng),表示所獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的物品等,后者“for”所跟的成分表示獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的原因。有時(shí),二者可合用,即“reward sb.with…for(doing)sth.”。例如:

      1.She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with asmile.她開(kāi)始給孩子唱歌,孩子則報(bào)以微笑。

      2.They rewarded him (for his great help)with a gift of money.他們獎(jiǎng)給他一筆錢(qián)(以酬謝他鼎力幫助。

      3.They rewarded the boy with £5 for bringing back the lostdog.他們因男孩帶回那條走失的狗獎(jiǎng)給他5英鎊。

      動(dòng)詞“award”作“授予;給予”解,可用在“award sb.sth.”和“award sth.to sb.”的句型中,其中的名稱(chēng)為獎(jiǎng)品或榮譽(yù)稱(chēng)號(hào)等。例如:

      1.They awarded him a medal.他們授予他一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆?/p>

      2.I was awarded the Nobel Prize.我獲得了諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。

      3.The prize was awarded to me for excellence in French.我因法語(yǔ)成績(jī)優(yōu)異而獲獎(jiǎng)。

      4.The degree of B.A.was awarded to him.他被授予文學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位。

      從上述實(shí)例中,我們可以看出,動(dòng)詞“reward”和“award”的不同用法。因此,原句宜改為:During his lifetime which symbolizes the triumph of the human spirit,Nelson Mandela was awardedthe 1993 Nobel Peace Prize.

      七、動(dòng)詞arouse的搭配用法

      在《新題型預(yù)測(cè)》“Should Rewards for Doing A Good Deedbe Promoted?”的作文范文里,有以下一句:

      However,in recent years there has aroused a heated debatedas to whether people should be rewarded for doing a good deed.

      筆者認(rèn)為,原句中動(dòng)詞“arouse”用法有誤。在由“There”開(kāi)頭的句子中,其后的動(dòng)詞不能用及物動(dòng)詞,往往用不及物動(dòng)詞,如come,remain,lie,stand,arise及exist,等等。主語(yǔ)退居后面,目的是突出主語(yǔ)的意義分量。例如:

      1.There comes a point where you give up.現(xiàn)在該你認(rèn)輸了。

      2.There remains the problem of finance.財(cái)政問(wèn)題仍然存在。

      3.There lies a large field of rice in front of our village.在我們的村莊前面有一大片稻田。

      4.There stands a high monument in the middle of the square.廣場(chǎng)中央矗立著一座高大的紀(jì)念碑。

      5.There arises a certain insincerity in our philosophic discussions.在我們哲學(xué)的討論里發(fā)生了一種不誠(chéng)實(shí)的情況。

      6.There always exists a force of attraction between two bodies.兩個(gè)物體之間永遠(yuǎn)存在著吸引力。

      從上述實(shí)例中,我們可以看出,動(dòng)詞“arouse”是及物動(dòng)詞,作“激起;引起”解,不能用于“There+動(dòng)詞(不及物動(dòng)詞)+主語(yǔ)(名稱(chēng)主語(yǔ))”的句型中。

      因此,原句宜改為:However,in recent years there has arisena heated debate as to whether people should be rewarded for doinga good deed.動(dòng)詞arise作“發(fā)生;產(chǎn)生;出現(xiàn)”解,是不及物動(dòng)詞,可用于上述特定句型中。

    英語(yǔ)詞匯用法2

      高考英語(yǔ)詞匯詳解:around與round的用法

      around 與 round 的用法

      1. 無(wú)論用作介詞還是副詞,around在很多情況下可與round換用:

      表示“在…周?chē)、“環(huán)繞”等,兩者?苫Q:

      They sataround [round] the fire. 他們圍坐在火的四周。

      The moon turnsaround [round] the earth. 月球繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。

      He turned around[round]. 他轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身去。

      按傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法:around 表示靜態(tài),round 表示動(dòng)態(tài)。但事實(shí)上,在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,不管是動(dòng)態(tài)還是靜態(tài),多用 round;而在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,不管是動(dòng)態(tài)還是靜態(tài),多用 around。所以在正非正式文體中,兩者?蓳Q用。

      表示“到處”,兩者?苫Q:

      Would you like to walkaround [round] the factory this afternoon? 今天下午到工廠的各處走走好嗎?

      Can I look around [round]? 我可以到處看看嗎 ?

      表示“大約” ,兩者?蓳Q用:

      It costs around [round] 10 dollars. 大約要花10美元。

      They arrived around [round] 5 o’clock. 他們是大約5 點(diǎn)鐘到的。

      I’ll be back around [round] lunch time. 我午飯前后回來(lái)。

      表示把某物分給一群人中的'每一個(gè),兩者?蓳Q用:

      Will youhand around [round] the papers? 請(qǐng)你把考卷分發(fā)一下。

      Therearen’t enough apples to go around [round]. 蘋(píng)果分不過(guò)來(lái)。

      2. around 通常只用作介詞或副詞,round 可用作介詞、副詞、名詞、形容詞等,所以用作名詞和形容詞的 round 顯然不能用 around代之。

    英語(yǔ)詞匯用法3

      在連續(xù)幾年增加新詞匯的基礎(chǔ)上(2003年增加65個(gè),2014年增加80個(gè),2014年增加58個(gè)),2014年北京市高考繼續(xù)增加新詞匯91個(gè),使得北京市高考考試說(shuō)明的詞匯總量升高至2688個(gè)(包括2282個(gè)單詞和42014個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)和固定搭配)。為什么要持續(xù)增加詞匯“不斷加大學(xué)生負(fù)擔(dān)”呢?臨近高考我們應(yīng)該怎么面對(duì)它們?筆者就此發(fā)表一下個(gè)人的看法:

      1.《新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》要求高中學(xué)生詞匯量達(dá)到3500左右(根據(jù)筆者統(tǒng)計(jì)比較準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)字是3434個(gè)單詞以及265個(gè)單獨(dú)列出的國(guó)家名稱(chēng)及相關(guān)信息和數(shù)字、星期、月份等----這就總共達(dá)到3699個(gè)單詞,還不包括詞組和短語(yǔ))!缎抡n程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》是國(guó)家綱領(lǐng)性文件,理應(yīng)成為全國(guó)以及各獨(dú)立命題的省、市高考詞匯量的目標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),天津、廣東、湖北等地也在不斷擴(kuò)大詞匯量,甚至今年有些省市比如湖南就直接明確提出詞匯范圍參照《新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》。據(jù)此筆者大膽推斷今后幾年北京市高考詞匯還將要繼續(xù)增加,但范圍還是跟這幾年一樣基本不會(huì)超出課標(biāo),因?yàn)榻暝黾拥脑~匯中只有去年的一個(gè)單詞original是課標(biāo)外的新詞, 但其源詞即其名詞形式origin也是包括在課標(biāo)內(nèi)的。

      2.這次增加的91個(gè)單詞有很多是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)際生活中經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到和用到的基礎(chǔ)詞,在現(xiàn)行的主流教材課本中都屬于比較高頻的詞匯。其實(shí)象人教版和外研版等高中課本都很注意詞匯擴(kuò)展以符合課標(biāo)要求。今年增加的新詞比如access,anyway,battery,cheat,culture,honey,horrible, movie, observe等等都應(yīng)該是大家耳熟能詳?shù)模灰綍r(shí)基本功比較扎實(shí)的同學(xué)就不必將他們看成負(fù)擔(dān)為此徒生煩惱。

      3.在高考前有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)復(fù)習(xí)單詞,筆者認(rèn)為最重要的還是注意單詞的.意義和用法,重視功能性和生成性,特別要重視動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用,因此把它們放在句子中學(xué)習(xí)是比較有效的。至于每個(gè)單詞要掌握到什么程度,比如要學(xué)會(huì)該詞的幾種詞性和義項(xiàng),筆者還是提倡以課標(biāo)為準(zhǔn),下面就依此將所有91個(gè)新詞整理出來(lái),希望對(duì)大家復(fù)習(xí)有所幫助。

      4.筆者在閱讀研究近幾年北京市高考說(shuō)明時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)詞匯表中竟然一直沒(méi)有“I”這個(gè)基本的詞匯,為什么北京英語(yǔ)高考要這樣“忘我”呢?不知是排版錯(cuò)誤還是其他什么原因,也許可以解釋為以字母排序的形式出現(xiàn)了。筆者曾經(jīng)試圖電話聯(lián)系北京市考試院可惜一直沒(méi)能成功。在此提醒廣大考生同學(xué)們注意。